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#1. The power of the king in ancient Sri Lanka was characterized by being politically centralized and presented in a _________ form to the populace.
Explanation: The text explicitly mentions two key aspects of the king’s power: “Centralized political power” and “Majestic presentation.” This grand and imposing appearance was a tool to reinforce authority.
#2. The king’s responsibilities included ensuring the country’s security from foreign threats, promoting spiritual development, and fostering _________.
Explanation: The text outlines three core responsibilities: “Economic Development,” “Security,” and “Spiritual Development.” The other options were not listed as primary duties in this context.
#3. The text mentions _________ as examples of foreign kings who managed to win the trust of the local people through their benevolent rule.
Explanation: The source text gives two specific names under the heading “Examples of Benevolent Kings”: “Elara: Foreign King who won the trust” and “Nisshankamalla: Foreign King who won the trust.”
#4. The concept of _________ was used by kings to portray themselves as gods, thereby elevating their status and authority.
Explanation: The text defines “‘Devathwa’” as the concept of the “King as a god.” The other concepts refer to the king as an enlightened being (Bodhisathwa), a universal ruler (Chakravarthi), or a warrior (Veerathwa).
#5. King Kutakanna Abhaya used the title ‘Nareshvara’ in a Dambulla Temple inscription, which means ‘God _________ for humans’.
Explanation: The text provides a direct translation for this title: “Nareshvara: Kutakanna Abhaya… Meaning: God Eeshwara for humans.” This is a clear example of a king associating himself with a powerful deity.
#6. King Mahasen was deified and worshipped as the ‘God of Minneri’, with Devalas dedicated to him, in recognition of his great contributions to _________.
Explanation: The text directly links his deification to his achievements: “God of Minneri: King Mahasen – Worshipped for irrigation work.” His construction of the massive Minneriya tank was so impactful that he was revered as a god.
#7. King Kashyapa I adopted the title “Alakapaya Maha Raja,” associating himself with the god Kuwera, the lord of wealth who lived in _________.
Explanation: The text breaks down the title: “Alakamanda: Living place of god ‘Kuwera’.” By calling himself the king of Alakamanda, Kashyapa was equating his Sigiriya palace with the divine abode of the god of wealth.
#8. The concept of the king as a ‘Bodhisathwa’ or an enlightened being was used to emphasize the king’s just rule and his _________ towards the people.
Explanation: The source text states that the Bodhisattva concept “Emphasized just rule and responsibility” and “Demanded trust and respect from people.” This framed the king as a righteous guardian, not just a powerful ruler.
#9. The title ‘Chakravarthi’, used by King Nishshankamalla as ‘Kalinga Chakrawarthi Swaminwahanse’, conveyed the concept of the king as the _________.
Explanation: The text defines this term: “Chakravarthi: King as the universal ruler – Meaning: Domination of the world.” This was the most supreme title, claiming sovereignty over all others.
#10. The ultimate purpose of using concepts of superiority was to make the king _________, thereby creating a foundation for righteous rule.
Explanation: The source text summarizes the goal: “People expected exemplary behavior… Nobleness was applied to the king, making him exemplary.” The king was meant to be a model of ideal conduct.
#11. One of the two main patterns of royal succession was from father to son; the other was from _________.
Explanation: The text outlines the “Two main paths” of inheritance: “Brother to brother” and “Father to son.” The succession of Devanampiyatissa’s brothers is given as a key example of the former.
#12. The most frequent and common method of royal succession throughout Sri Lankan history was from _________.
Explanation: The text explicitly states that the “Father to Son Succession (Most Frequent)” was the “General Trend Throughout History.” While other methods existed, this was the primary one.
#13. Succession conflicts often arose when the established practice of giving preference to the _________ son or brother was not followed.
Explanation: The text repeatedly notes that the “Eldest Brother Preferred” or “Elder Son Preferred.” Deviating from this principle of primogeniture was a common cause of “power struggles.”
#14. Kashyapa I usurped the throne from his father, King Dhathusena, because the rightful heir was his half-brother Mugalan, who was the son of the king’s _________.
Explanation: The text explains the reason for the conflict: “Mugalan (consort’s son) was the rightful heir.” A consort was often the queen of royal lineage, and her children had a stronger claim than those of secondary queens like Kashyapa’s mother.
#15. In situations where a king had no direct heirs like a brother or a son, the kingship could pass to the king’s consort’s brother or his _________.
Explanation: The text describes “Alternative Succession Paths” that occurred “When no direct heir… available,” giving the “King’s Consort’s Brother” and the “King’s Sister’s Son” as examples.
#16. The state was formed when many local chiefs, or _________, combined their territories under a single leader.
Explanation: The text describes state formation as a process where “Parumakas combined to form a state,” with the king as the head of all these local chiefs.
#17. Before the state was fully centralized, the king was essentially the head of all Parumakas and was sometimes known by the title _________.
Explanation: The source text states, “King was the leader of all Parumakas – Called ‘Mahaparumaka’ or ‘Mapurumuka’.” This title literally means “Great Parumaka,” indicating his position as first among equals.
#18. After the state was fully centralized, the supreme ruler used the title _________ to signify their elevated status above all former local chiefs.
Explanation: The text distinguishes between the early and later titles: “Centralized State: – ‘Maha Raja’ title used for the ruler.” This title, meaning “Great King,” denoted a new level of supreme, centralized authority.
#19. In the state administrative structure, the king’s key advisor held the position of _________.
Explanation: The text lists the administrative hierarchy, placing the “Chief Minister (Maha Emathi/Mahamatha)” as a key figure directly assisting the king.
#20. The official responsible for managing the state’s finances and treasury was known as the _________.
Explanation: The text provides a list of officials and their duties, identifying the “Treasurer (Bhandagarika/Badagarika)” as the one who “Managed finances.”
#21. The administration of import and export duties, a crucial source of state revenue, was managed by the _________.
Explanation: The source text defines the role of the “Customs Officer (Kothuruge Na)” as administering “import and export.” This was a vital role in a country active in maritime trade.
#22. An official known as the ‘Nagaragutika’ was responsible for urban affairs as the _________.
Explanation: The text clearly defines the role of the “City Administrator (Nagaragutika)” as managing “urban affairs.” The City Architect (‘Nagara Wudika’) had a different role.
#23. The official in charge of managing the kingdom’s elephants held the title of _________.
Explanation: The text provides specific titles for officers managing royal assets. The ‘Asa Adeka’ was the Horse Officer, while the ‘Hathi Adeka’ was the “Elephant Officer.”
#24. The maintenance of official state records and documents was the responsibility of the _________.
Explanation: The source text lists the “Archives Officer (Kanapedika)” as the official who “Maintained records.” This was a crucial role for the continuity of the state’s administration.
