#1. The French Revolution of 1789 was a historic uprising of the French people aimed at overthrowing the ______ and establishing a new ruling system.
#2. A major global consequence of the revolution was the new focus on ______, an idea that spread from France to the rest of the world.
#3. In the 18th century, France was a country of great ______ in Europe, known for its intellectual leadership and developing trade.
#4. Interestingly, just before the revolution, the economic condition of French ______ was considered better than that of their counterparts in other European countries.
#5. Despite its outward glory, weak rulers led to severe political, social, and ______ problems that would soon erupt.
#6. The ruler considered most responsible for allowing the country to fall into such a state of crisis was King ______.
#7. The people of France, guided by the ideals of freedom, equality, and ______, began to struggle against the oppressive system.
#8. The ruling family that governed France for centuries, which included both Louis XIV and Louis XVI, belonged to the ______ Dynasty.
#9. French kings operated under the belief in ______, the idea that their authority to rule was a gift from God himself.
#10. The king held all constitutional, executive, and ______ powers, making his authority absolute.
#11. King ______, who was enthralled by his own absolute power, once famously declared to his court, “I am the kingdom.”
#12. The king had the unlimited and terrifying power to arrest anyone without a lawsuit and imprison them for a ______.
#13. A hated symbol of this royal power was the ______ prison, which was used to lock away the king’s political and personal enemies.
#14. The revolutionaries chose the Bastille as their first target because it was a powerful symbol of the ______ ruling system they sought to destroy.
#15. The people’s anger was also fueled by the incredibly ______ lifestyle of the king and the royal court, all paid for by the public.
#16. The royal family lived in the magnificent and isolated ______ Palace, which created a huge distance between them and the common people.
#17. Because access to the palace was restricted to only priests and , the king received a completely distorted picture of the country’s problems.
#18. To deal with the inefficient local administration run by nobles, the government appointed a new group of officers called “,” which only created more conflict.
#19. A key grievance of the people was that the ______ Council, a board of representatives, had not been summoned by the king for 175 years.
#20. King Louis XVI’s wife, ______, was seen as a proud and interfering figure who exploited the king’s weaknesses.
#21. Pre-revolutionary French society was a ______ system, where a monarchy ruled with the help of powerful, land-owning aristocrats.
#22. French society was strictly divided into three social strata, or “estates,” which were the priests, the aristocrats, and the ______.
#23. The first two estates, the priests and aristocrats, were a tiny ______ of the population, yet they held all the power and privileges.
#24. A new and influential group known as the ______, who had become rich through trade, was part of the general public but lacked any political power or recognition.
#25. The most infuriating privilege was that both the priests and the aristocrats were completely exempt from paying ______, leaving the burden on everyone else.
#26. Some of the unique privileges enjoyed by ______ included the right to hunt anywhere and the power to collect taxes from farmers.
#27. The most suffered group in France was the ______, who made up about 92% of the population and were crushed by taxes despite their hard work.
#28. The deep inequality led to a revolutionary new concept: that a person’s status should be based on their ability and ______, not on their birth.
#29. On the eve of the revolution, the French treasury was completely ______ due to the court’s lavish spending and costly foreign wars.
#30. The state’s finances were severely weakened by the costs of the Seven-Year War and by supporting the ______ freedom struggle.
#31. The general public had to pay a crippling ______ of their income as tax to the state, the church, and the nobles.
#32. An example of a hated tax was the ______, which was a levy charged on the houses and lands of the common people.
#33. The ______ was a particularly cruel tax on salt, forcing every adult to buy a set amount each year from a government monopoly.
#34. The middle class, who expected an economic system free from government interference, took on the role of ______ the revolution.
#35. The French philosopher ______ wrote “The Spirit of Laws,” arguing that power should be divided to prevent a dictatorship.
#36. The philosopher ______ introduced the idea of “people’s sovereignty” in his book “The Social Contract,” stating people have the right to chase away bad rulers.
#37. The writer and philosopher ______ was a fierce critic of both the monarchy and the church, and he championed the importance of free expression.
#38. In 1789, when the king finally summoned the States General, the Third Estate broke away, met separately, and declared itself the ______.
#39. When the king locked them out of their meeting hall, the members of the Third Estate famously gathered in an indoor tennis court and took an ______ not to disband until they had written a new constitution.
#40. The revolution officially ignited on July 14, ______, with the storming of the Bastille prison by the armed people of Paris.
#41. After the fall of the monarchy, a National Security Force was established under the leadership of the revolutionary general called ______.
#42. Following their capture and trial, both King Louis XVI and Queen ______ were found guilty of treason and sentenced to death.
#43. In 1791, the revolutionaries published the groundbreaking Human Rights ______, which declared that fundamental rights are something people are born with.
#44. The powerful ideas that became the main slogans of the revolution were the three concepts of freedom, equality, and ______.
#45. One of the key results in France was the permanent ______ of the ancient and powerful monarchy.
#46. The period of political ______ from 1789 to 1799, with governments changing rapidly, created a power vacuum in France.
#47. This chaotic and unstable situation allowed an ambitious and brilliant army officer named ______ to seize power in 1799, ending the revolutionary phase.
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