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#1. During the Second Urbanization, _________ remained the dominant religion, deeply embedded in the lives of the people and the actions of rulers from Dambadeniya to Kotte.
Explanation: The text explicitly states, “Buddhism remained central to society” and was the “Dominant Religion” during this period, with kings showing their devotion through patronage.
#2. Kings demonstrated their devotion to Buddhism by building grand palaces to house the _________, which served as both a symbol of faith and a source of legitimacy for their rule.
Explanation: The source text highlights the importance of this specific relic: “Grand Palaces: Constructed to house the Tooth Relic of the Buddha… Served as a source of legitimacy for their rule.”
#3. Alongside Buddhism, there were strong beliefs in local gods like Upulvan, Vibhishana, Saman, and _________, who were honored in special shrines called Devales.
Explanation: The text lists the “Revered Deities” that were part of this syncretic faith, which “Included Upulvan, Vibhishana, Skandakumar, and Saman.”
#4. The unique genre of Sri Lankan poetry from this era, known as _________, frequently mentions the deities Upulvan and Vibhishana, highlighting their popular significance.
Explanation: The text points to “Literary References” for the popularity of these deities, noting that “Sandesha Kavyas… Frequently mention Upulvan and Vibhishana.”
#5. Historical records from the 15th century indicate a growing Hindu community in the capital, evidenced by a shrine dedicated to _________ located near Sri Jayawardanapura (Kotte).
Explanation: The text cites a “Shiva Devala in Kotte” as evidence for a “growing Hindu community in the capital.” This specific shrine is a key piece of historical data.
#6. The _________ Temple in Chilaw, dedicated to Shiva, emerged as a major pilgrimage destination for Hindus, highlighting the importance of Shaivism during this period.
Explanation: The source text identifies this specific temple as a key pilgrimage site: “Munneswaram Temple: Located in Chilaw, dedicated to Shiva… Emerged as a major destination for Hindus.”
#7. The establishment of Muslim communities and the building of mosques in port cities were primarily facilitated by the expansion of _________.
Explanation: The text links the arrival of Islam directly to commerce: “Maritime Trade Expansion: Facilitated the spread of Islam in Sri Lanka… Muslim Traders… Formed communities in coastal areas.”
#8. A key feature of the political landscape during the Second Urbanization was the emergence of smaller kingdoms in the wet zone, with capitals that frequently _________.
Explanation: The text describes the “Political Fluidity” of the era, noting that “Capitals frequently moved, indicating a more dynamic political structure compared to Rajarata.”
#9. During this period, the economy transitioned from a subsistence model towards a _________ system, where farmers began producing surplus crops for sale.
Explanation: The text describes a key economic “Shift: Transition towards a commercial system… Farmers started producing surplus crops for sale.”
#10. The star commodity and major export product from the wet zone forests during this period was the highly sought-after spice, _________.
Explanation: The text explicitly identifies “Cinnamon: The Star Commodity… Highly sought-after spice… Key product for trade.”
#11. The Arab traveler _________, who visited Sri Lanka in 1344 AD, noted the bustling ports on the western coast, providing evidence of a thriving maritime trade.
Explanation: The source text cites the account of a specific visitor: “Ibn Battuta: Arab traveler who visited Sri Lanka in 1344 AD… Noted bustling ports on the western coast.”
#12. The discovery of _________ in Dedigama provides tangible archaeological evidence of Sri Lanka’s trade links with distant lands during this era.
Explanation: The text mentions “Treasures from Afar” as proof of trade, specifically citing “Archaeological Discoveries: Includes Chinese porcelain found in Dedigama.”
#13. The architectural remains at _________, including an impressive stairway, display a mix of Pandyan (South Indian) and Cambodian influences.
Explanation: The text points to a specific site for this “Fusion of Styles”: “Yapahuwa: A Fusion of Styles… Display a mix of Pandyan (South Indian) and Cambodian influences.”
#14. A distinctive feature of the architecture of this period was the construction of Devales (shrines for local deities) alongside _________, as seen at Gadaladeniya and Lankathilaka.
Explanation: The text describes this “Distinctive Feature” as the “Construction of Devales… alongside Buddhist temples (Pilimageyas).” This showcases the syncretic nature of their beliefs.
#15. The Embekke Devala, built by King Wickramabahu III during the Gampola period, is renowned for its exceptional _________.
Explanation: The text highlights this temple as a “Wooden Wonder,” stating it is “Renowned Feature: Exceptional woodwork… Intricate carvings on pillars and roof.”
#16. The literary surge during the Dambadeniya period occurred under the patronage of the scholar-king _________, who authored the Kawsilumina.
Explanation: The text credits this king for the literary boom: “King Parakramabahu II, the Scholar King… An accomplished writer… Credited with authoring the Kawsilumina.”
#17. The _________ is a notable literary work from the Dambadeniya period that outlines the daily routine of King Parakramabahu II.
Explanation: The text lists “Diverse Subjects” from this period, including “Kandawuru Siritha (daily routine of King Parakramabahu II).”
#18. The unique genre of message poems, known as _________, emerged during the Gampola Period, with the earliest examples being the Mayura and Thisara Sandeshas.
Explanation: The text marks the “Rise of Sandesha Kavya” during the “Gampola Period,” identifying it as a “unique genre of message poems.”
#19. The _________ period is regarded as the golden age of Sinhalese literature, fostered by the scholar-king Parakramabahu VI and eminent monks like Thotagamuve Sri Rahula Thera.
Explanation: The text describes the “Kotte Period: A Literary Zenith,” stating it is “Regarded as the golden age of Sinhalese literature.”
#20. The founder of the Jaffna Kingdom, according to the Yalpana Vaipava Malai, was _________, who started the Arya Chakravarthi dynasty.
Explanation: The source text identifies the founder: “Vijay Kulankai Arya Chakravarthi: Founder of the Jaffna Kingdom.” All subsequent rulers belonged to this dynasty until the Portuguese arrival.
#21. During the reign of King Parakramabahu VI of Kotte, the Jaffna Kingdom was conquered by an army led by his son, _________.
Explanation: The text describes the “Conquest of Jaffna”: “He sent an army led by his son, Prince Sapumal… This brought the Jaffna Kingdom under Kotte’s rule.”
#22. The small, independent ruling units that formed in the peripheries after the decline of Rajarata were led by chieftains known as _________.
Explanation: The text explains the “Rise of Regional Power,” stating, “Small, independent ruling units formed… Rulers of these units were known as Vanniyars.”
#23. The powerful minister _________ built a formidable fortress in Kotte during the Gampola period, recognizing its strategic importance.
Explanation: The text credits this minister with the initial development of Kotte: “The powerful minister Nissanka Alakeshwara… Built a formidable fortress in Kotte during the Gampola period.”
#24. After a brief rule by Jayabahu, Prince Sapumal seized the throne of Kotte in 1469 AD and became King _________.
Explanation: The text details “Sapumal’s Coup,” stating he “seized the throne, becoming King Buvanekabahu VI.”
#25. King Buvanekabahu VI faced a major rebellion known as the _________, which was successfully suppressed by his commander, Prince Ambulugala.
Explanation: The text identifies this specific “Major Rebellion”: “The rebellion was known as the Pasyodun Rata Sinhala Peraliya (or Sinhala Sange).”
#26. During the Gampola Kingdom, Sri Lanka was fragmented, with other major kingdoms located in Dedigama, Jaffna, and _________.
Explanation: The source text lists the four “Major Kingdoms” of the time: “Alongside Gampola, there were… Dedigama… Jaffna… [and] Rayigama: Governed by the Alakeshwara lineage.”
#27. The Chinese admiral _________ and his treasure fleets arrived in Sri Lanka in 1405, 1409, and 1411, during the late Gampola period.
Explanation: The text specifies the visitor: “The late Gampola period witnessed the arrival of Chinese admiral Zheng He’s treasure fleets.”
#28. King Parakramabahu IV of Kurunegala is renowned for commissioning the translation of the _________ from Pali into Sinhala, making them accessible to the common people.
Explanation: The text highlights this as one of his “most significant contributions”: “commissioning the translation of the Jataka tales from Pali into Sinhala.”
#29. After the assassination of his son Vijayabahu IV, _________ became king in 1272 AD and, facing multiple threats, moved his capital to the rock fortress of Yapahuwa.
Explanation: The text details this sequence of events: “Vijayabahu IV… was assassinated… His brother, Buvanekabahu I, became king in 1272 AD… he moved his court to Yapahuwa.”
#30. The South Indian warlord _________, allied with the Pandyan Empire, invaded and captured Yapahuwa, seizing the sacred Tooth Relic.
Explanation: The text identifies the invader who took advantage of the internal power struggle: “Arya Chackrawarthi, a South Indian warlord… invaded Sri Lanka. He captured Yapahuwa” and the Tooth Relic.
#31. _________, a chieftain from Dambadeniya, emerged with a vision to reunite the fractured kingdom after the fall of Polonnaruwa.
Explanation: The text identifies him as the unifier: “Vijayabahu III, a chieftain from Dambadeniya, emerged with a grander vision. His aim was to reunite the fractured kingdom.”
#32. In 1247 AD, King Parakramabahu II had to defend his kingdom against an invasion led by _________, a Javaka ruler from the Malay Peninsula who sought to capture the sacred relics.
Explanation: The text describes the “Javaka Invasions”: “In 1247 AD, Chandrabhanu, a Javaka ruler from the Malay Peninsula, launched an invasion.”
#33. Unlike the meticulously planned cities of the first urbanization, the cities of the second wave, fueled by decentralized power and new harbors, developed more _________.
Explanation: The source text contrasts the two urban waves: “Unlike the meticulously planned cities of Anuradhapura and Polonnaruwa, the cities of the second urbanization developed more organically.”
#34. The _________ of political power is considered by scholars to be the key factor that led to the unique, organic, and smaller-scale characteristics of the second urbanization cities.
Explanation: The text explicitly attributes the cities’ character to this political shift: “Scholars attribute the distinctive characteristics of second urbanization cities to the decentralization of power.”
