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#1. A century after the Portuguese, the Dutch began charting their course to the East, forming the powerful _________ in 1602 to consolidate their trading efforts in Asia.
Explanation: The text explicitly states, “In 1602, these companies merged to form the powerful VOC [Dutch East India Company], consolidating Dutch power and streamlining their operations in Asia.”
#2. The Dutch were primarily drawn to Sri Lanka for its lucrative trade in high-quality pepper and, most importantly, _________.
Explanation: The source text highlights “The Allure of Spices,” noting that “The Dutch quickly recognized the value of Sri Lanka, particularly its high-quality cinnamon and pepper.” Cinnamon was the key prize.
#3. The ongoing conflict between the Kandyan Kingdom and the _________ presented an opportunity for the Dutch to gain a foothold on the island by positioning themselves as potential allies.
Explanation: The text identifies the political situation that the Dutch exploited: “The ongoing conflict between the Kandyan Kingdom and the Portuguese presented an opportunity for the Dutch to gain a foothold.”
#4. King _________, who ascended the Kandyan throne in 1635, recognized the need for Dutch naval power to break the Portuguese grip on the coastal regions.
Explanation: The source text identifies the specific king who forged the alliance: “King Rajasinghe II, who ascended the Kandyan throne in 1635, recognized the shared interest he had with the Dutch.”
#5. The first significant victory for the Kandyan-Dutch alliance occurred in 1638 with the capture of the Portuguese fort at _________.
Explanation: The text describes “The First Victory”: “In 1638, the Dutch, led by Admiral Adam Westerwolt, joined forces with the Kandyans to attack the Portuguese fort at Batticaloa.”
#6. The 1638 agreement stipulated that the Kandyan king would repay Dutch military expenses with _________.
Explanation: The text outlines the terms of the agreement, stating the king promised “to repay Dutch military expenses with valuable spices like cinnamon and pepper.”
#7. A key term of the 1638 agreement was that the Dutch secured a _________ over Kandyan trade, with the exception of elephants.
Explanation: The source text highlights this crucial economic concession: “The Dutch secured a monopoly over Kandyan trade, except for elephants, giving them significant economic control.”
#8. After a 20-year joint military campaign, the Portuguese were finally driven out of Sri Lanka in _________.
Explanation: The text provides the end date for the long war against the Portuguese: “It took 20 years of joint military campaigns for the Dutch and Kandyans to finally drive out the Portuguese in 1658.”
#9. A major point of betrayal that strained Kandy-Dutch relations was the Dutch refusal to hand over control of captured coastal _________ as per the 1638 agreement.
Explanation: The text explains the source of mistrust: “The Dutch, however, broke the agreement by refusing to hand over control of strategically important coastal forts they had captured.”
#10. In his communications with the Dutch, King Rajasinghe II boldly proclaimed himself the emperor of Sri Lanka, and the Dutch formally addressed him as _________ (Lord of Three Lanka).
Explanation: The text describes the “Power Struggle Played Out in Words,” noting that “the Dutch, formally addressed the king as ‘Thrisinhaladeeshvara’ (Lord of Three Lanka) in their correspondence.”
#11. After a period of Dutch aggression from 1665-1668, King Rajasinghe II counterattacked fiercely between 1670 and _________, reclaiming lost lands and forcing a stalemate.
Explanation: The text gives the specific timeframe for the successful Kandyan counteroffensive: “King Rajasinghe II counterattacked fiercely between 1670 and 1675, reclaiming lost lands.”
#12. The Dutch prioritized maintaining peace with Kandy primarily to safeguard their lucrative trade, but they also sought to maximize profits by promoting cash crops like cinnamon, coffee, and _________.
Explanation: The source text lists the “cash crops” the Dutch expanded cultivation of, which included “cinnamon, sugar cane, coffee, and cotton.”
#13. In 1760, King _________ responded to the pleas of people in the lowlands suffering under Dutch rule by sending his forces to attack Dutch positions.
Explanation: The text identifies the king who intervened: “In 1760, the Kandyan king [Kirti Sri Rajasinghe] responded by sending his forces into the lowlands.”
#14. During the Dutch invasion of 1764, the Kandyan forces successfully repelled six Dutch brigades using their mastery of _________.
Explanation: The source text describes the Kandyan military strategy: “The Kandyans, masters of guerrilla warfare, effectively repelled the Dutch advance, using their knowledge of the terrain and hit-and-run tactics.”
#15. Despite capturing the Kandyan capital in 1765, the Dutch were forced to abandon it and retreat due to the onset of the monsoon season, disease outbreaks, and _________.
Explanation: The text describes the “Hollow Victory” of the Dutch, noting they were “forced to abandon Kandy and retreat” because of “food shortages, disease outbreaks, and the onset of the monsoon season.”
#16. Under pressure after years of warfare, King Kirti Sri Rajasinghe agreed to the _________ with the Dutch, which forced Kandy to cede control of a coastal region.
Explanation: The source text identifies this specific agreement: “Under pressure, King Kirti Sri Rajasinghe agreed to a peace treaty with the Dutch in 1766.” The terms heavily favored the Dutch.
#17. The Dutch employed diplomacy to maintain good relations, exchanging gifts and even providing _________ for the king’s religious pilgrimages.
Explanation: The text notes the diplomatic tactics of the Dutch: “They employed diplomacy… and even providing ships for the king’s religious pilgrimages to maintain good relations.”
#18. The conflicts between the Kandyans and the Dutch are seen as a precursor to the eventual _________ takeover of the entire island.
Explanation: The text concludes that the “Dutch-Kandyan conflicts also paved the way for the eventual British takeover of Sri Lanka in the late 18th century,” as the kingdom was weakened by the long struggle.
