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#1. In ancient Sri Lanka, the ultimate or supreme authority in governance was held by the _________, as evidenced by historical sources and inscriptions.
Explanation: The text explicitly states, “Supreme authority: Kings in ancient Sri Lanka held ultimate power.” This establishes the monarchical nature of the government from the outset.
#2. The three essential branches of any effective government are the Legislature, the Executive, and the _________.
Explanation: The source text lists the “Three Branches of Government” as the “Legislature,” “Executive,” and “Judiciary.” This is a fundamental concept in political science, applied here to the ancient context.
#3. In ancient Sri Lanka’s monarchical system, the power to create laws, known as legislative power, was held by the _________.
Explanation: The text clarifies that there was “no separate law-making body” and that the “king held legislative power,” with his court functioning similarly to a modern parliament in this regard.
#4. The 9th-century term _________, meaning an agreement of the king’s court, was used for the combined executive and legislative authority of the monarch.
Explanation: The text provides this specific term and its etymology: “‘Ekthensamiya’ for combined executive and legislative authority,” derived from “Eka asthana” (king’s court) and “Samya” (agreement).
#5. The Buddhannehela inscription provides an example of the king’s power, mentioning a land grant made by the king’s decree, which is referred to by the phrase _________.
Explanation: The source text gives this specific phrase from the inscription as an example of the king’s personal decree: “‘Wath himiyan wadala’.” The other options refer to a secretary, a local council, and a hospital.
#6. Inscriptions reveal the existence of a _________ or council that represented the judicial branch, playing a crucial role in legal matters like land grants.
Explanation: The text states, “Inscriptions reveal: Existence of a ‘Sabhawa’ (council) representing the judiciary.” This council was involved in ensuring legal processes were followed correctly.
#7. The term _________ found in inscriptions, meaning ‘great writer’ or ‘general secretary’, likely referred to an officer of the judicial council or ‘Sabhawa’.
Explanation: The text suggests the meaning of this term: “Term ‘Mahale’: Means ‘great writer’ or ‘general secretary,’ possibly referring to the Sabhawa.” Their role was to document governmental affairs.
#8. The _________ golden plate from King Vasabha’s reign shows the delegation of provincial authority, mentioning that a minister named Rishigiri governed Nagadeepa.
Explanation: The text provides a specific piece of evidence for provincial administration: “Vallipuram golden plate: From King Vasabha’s reign, mentions minister Rishigiri governing Nagadeepa.”
#9. Local governance in smaller regions of about ten villages was handled by independent councils known as _________.
Explanation: The source text identifies these local bodies: “Independent councils: Known as ‘Dasagam Ettan,’ administered smaller regions of about ten villages.” The Kaludiya Pokuna inscription confirms their role.
#10. Ancient rulers showed concern for public welfare by establishing hospitals, which were known by the term _________.
Explanation: The text directly states that ancient sources “Mention ‘Vejjasala’ (hospitals) and ‘Veja’ (doctors).” The other terms refer to alms halls or specific types of hospitals (maternity).
#11. King Kashyapa IV is noted for having built a dedicated hospital called ‘Upasaggaroganasa’ in response to a _________.
Explanation: The text gives a specific example of responsive healthcare: “King Kashyapa IV (898 -914 A.D.): who built a dedicated hospital (‘Upasaggaroganasa’) during a fever epidemic.”
#12. King Upatissa I established _________ or ‘Thimbirige’, showing an early focus on specialized healthcare for women.
Explanation: The source text identifies the specific type of hospital he built: “King Upatissa I (365-40ea A.D.): who established maternity hospitals (‘Paswantinama Sala’ or ‘Thimbirige’).”
#13. During the 8th and 9th centuries AD, Sri Lanka had strong diplomatic relations with _________, marked by cultural exchanges during the reign of King Aggabodhi VI.
Explanation: The text highlights this specific relationship: “8th-9th centuries A.D.: Strong relations with China during King Aggabodhi VI’s reign, marked by diplomatic missions and cultural exchanges.”
#14. A key aspect of Sri Lankan foreign policy was the use of _________ to form alliances with powerful Indian states like Kalinga and Pandya.
Explanation: The source text states, “Strategic marriages: Key part of Sri Lanka’s foreign policy.” The marriage of King Vijayabahu I to a Kalinga princess is given as a prime example.
#15. King Vijayabahu I demonstrated trust and cooperation across cultures by appointing the South Indian _________ mercenary army to protect the Polonnaruwa Temple of the Tooth.
Explanation: The text provides this specific example of cross-cultural cooperation: “King Vijayabahu I: Appointed the South Indian Veleikkara mercenary army… to protect the Polonnaruwa Temple Tooth.”
#16. The 9th-century historian _________ recorded gift exchanges between a Sri Lankan king and an Islamic ruler, indicating growing relations with Arabian countries.
Explanation: The source text cites a specific historian as evidence for these relations: “9th-century historian Al-Balasuri: Recorded gift exchanges between the Sri Lankan king and an Islamic ruler.”
#17. Due to logistical challenges, ruling the entire island from Anuradhapura was difficult, leading to the creation of separate _________ for provincial governance.
Explanation: The text explains the reason for decentralization: “Logistical challenges… Ruling from the capital, Anuradhapura, was difficult,” which led to “Separate administrative units… for provincial governance.”
#18. The Medirigiriya inscription mentions a ‘Mahale’ or general secretary named _________ who was involved in documenting a land grant.
Explanation: The text provides a specific example of a Mahale’s role: “Medirigiriya inscription: Mentions a ‘Mahale Kasba’ (general secretary) named Kashyapa involved in land grants.”
#19. The tradition of maternity hospitals dates back to the reign of King Pandukabhaya, during which they were known by the term _________.
Explanation: The text traces the history of these specialized hospitals, stating, “Maternity hospital tradition: Dates back further, with ‘Sottisala’ mentioned during King Pandukabhaya’s reign.”
#20. To strengthen ties with the Chera state in India, _________ made a diplomatic visit, showcasing an early example of international engagement.
Explanation: The text lists this as a “Notable Interaction”: “King Gajabahu I (114-136 A.D.): Visited Chera state to strengthen ties.”
